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Syrian troops have crushed pockets of rebel soldiers on the outskirts of Damascus, fuelling some of the bloodiest fighting of the 10-month-old uprising, as Western diplomats tried to overcome Russia's rejection of a draft UN resolution demanding President Bashar Assad halt the violence and yield power.
The UN Security Council was meeting on Tuesday to discuss the draft, backed by Western and Arab diplomats. But Russia, one of Assad's strongest backers, has signalled it would veto action against Damascus.
"The Western draft Security Council resolution on Syria does not lead to a search for compromise," Russia's Deputy Foreign Minister Gennady Gatilov wrote on Tuesday on Twitter. "Pushing this resolution is a path to civil war."
Russia has stood by Assad as he tries to crush an uprising that began nearly 11 months ago. In October, Moscow vetoed the first Security Council attempt to condemn Syria's crackdown and has shown little sign of budging in its opposition.
Moscow's stance is motivated in part by its strategic and defence ties, including weapons sales, with Syria. Russia also rejects what it sees as a a world order dominated by the US
The fallout from the conflict in Libya is a factor as well. Russia fears the new measure could open the door to eventual military intervention, the way an Arab-backed UN resolution led to NATO airstrikes in Libya.
The diplomatic showdown came as Syrian government forces took back control of the eastern suburbs of the capital, Damascus, after rebel soldiers briefly captured the area in a startling advance last week.
The fact that rebels made it to the doorstep of Damascus, the seat of Assad's power, was a dangerous development for the regime. The military launched a swift offensive on Monday and on Tuesday crushed the remaining resistance in Zamalka and Arbeen.
But the suburbs were not entirely quiet. On a government-sponsored media trip, Syrian journalists heard at least seven explosions on Tuesday from the eastern suburb of Rankous. It was not clear what caused the blasts.
Violence also was reported in the Baba Amr neighbourhood of Homs in central Syria, a hotbed of opposition to the regime. Activist Mohammed Saleh said he heard hours of shelling and machine-gun fire, and thick black smoke was rising in the distance.
The smoke was believed to be from a pipeline that was struck, but details were not clear. Activists said regime forces' fire hit the pipeline, but that could not be confirmed.
The UN estimated several weeks ago that more than 5,400 people have been killed in the Syrian government crackdown, but has not been able to update the figure. The death toll from Monday's offensive was around 100 people, making it among the bloodiest days since the uprising began in March, according to the British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and the Local Coordination Committees, an opposition group.
Activists said Tuesday's death toll was at least seven, although the LCC put the figure at up to 28. Syria prevents independent reporting, making it difficult to confirm events on the ground.
The bloodshed in Syria has increased in recent days as Western and Arab countries stepped up pressure on Russia over Security Council action.
The draft resolution demands that Assad halt the crackdown and implement an Arab peace plan that calls for him to hand over power to his vice president and allow creation of a unity government to clear the way for elections.
If Assad fails to comply within 15 days, the council would consider "further measures," a reference to a possible move to impose economic or other sanctions.
French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe, who was planning to attend the Security Council meeting, ruled out foreign military action.
"Things are very different from what happened in Libya," he told French radio Europe-1 shortly before flying to New York on Tuesday. "For example, in Syria you have communities that are divided and any exterior intervention could lead to a civil war."
The Syrian uprising, which began with mostly peaceful protests, has become increasingly violent in recent months as army defectors clash with government forces and some protesters take up arms to protect themselves.
On Tuesday, army defectors gained full control of the central town of Rastan after days of intense clashes, according to a town activist who identified himself as Hassan. He refused to give his full name, fearing reprisal.
The town was taken by defectors twice in the past only to be retaken by Syrian troops. Rastan is the hometown of former Defence Minister Mustapha Tlass, who held the post for more than three decades, mostly under Assad's father and predecessor, the late Hafez Assad.
